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Welcome to the Tech Library
In the Tech Library you will find Papers and Articles about Audio Fidelity and Processing published by TC Developers and other Industry Professionals.

Note:
The Tech Library is not TC device specific. Product related info, guidance, Tips&Tricks, Q&A etc. is located under the individual products in the Product section. For Specific Support matters, please refer to the Support section.

The Library is divided into these areas:

• Room Simulation and Reverb
• Mastering and Formats
• Loudness Measurement and Loudness Control
• Clock and Digital Interfacing
• Miscellaneous

Room Simulation for Multichannel Film and Music
To fully exploit new Reverb and Spatial algorithms for 5.1 and 7.1 environments in music and film, effect mixing procedures may have to be changed slightly.
by Knud Christensen & Thomas Lund

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Reverb and Room Simulation in the Multichannel Era
This paper presents a family of algorithms that enable music-, film- and game producers to create engaging virtual acoustic environments around the end user and control the positioning of sound sources therein.
by Knud Christensen

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Enhanced Localization in 5.1 Production
Source localization in 5.1 and 6.1 format may be enhanced if panning is not based only on level but also involves room rendering utilizing multi-directional reflections.
by Thomas Lund

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Stop Counting Samples
Report from the frontline of the CD Loudness war, 2006: It's not over yet. Read about distortion developing in CD players, data reduction systems etc. The Appendix suggests improved procedures to follow in production and mastering.
by Thomas Lund

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Overload in Signal Conversion
A paper about the headroom needed in processing, routing and reproduction of digital signals to prevent distortion and listening fatigue from happening. It includes a discussion of AD, DA, sample rate conversion and data reduction systems.
by Soren Nielsen & Thomas Lund

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The Secret of the Mastering Engineer
Mastering is an art and a science. In this acclaimed booklet, Bob Katz shares good advice about monitoring, metering and processing. About listening to the music and supporting it as the road to Nirvana – from one of the true yogis of our industry.
by Bob Katz

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Level Control in Digital Mastering
Music mastering is becoming a battle for maximum level rather than a quest for audio quality, because counting consecutive samples at OdBFS is not an adequate restriction of level.
by Soren Nielsen & Thomas Lund

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0 dBFS+ Levels in Digital Mastering
This paper examines the sonic consequences when 0dBFS+ signals are reproduced in typical consumer equipment. The performance of a variety of domestic CD players exposed to such signals are presented and evaluated.
by Soren Nielsen & Thomas Lund

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Programmed for Distortion
Listen to the artifacts produced when hot CDs are sample rate converted or reproduced in a CD player. Blind optimization against full scale during mastering make new releases programmed for distortion.
by Soren Nielsen & Thomas Lund

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Specifying Audio for HD
The paper presents ways of specifying audio tightly for HDTV, SDTV and iCast. Contrary to Dialnorm, these principles work for all kind of program material, and are based on open standards.
by Thomas Lund
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Control of Loudness in Digital TV
Paper describing the latest research into loudness measurement and control for Digital TV, Mobile TV and other digital media. Reporting of loudness standardization efforts by the ITU in March, 2006.
by Thomas Lund

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Evaluation of Different Loudness Models
The ability of twelve loudness models to measure speech and music segments is evaluated. Leq(A) and Leq(M) are among the worst performers, while Leq(RLB) from an ITU experiment, and new advanced models, correlate better with extensive listening tests.
by Esben Skovenborg & Soren Nielsen

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Designs for Loudness-Matching Experiments
Different loudness experimental designs are compared, and the effect of using a fixed-reference is evaluated against a balanced pair-matching design.
by Esben Skovenborg & Sψren Nielsen
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Loudness Assessment of Music and Speech
An experiment was performed to investigate the assessment of loudness of music and speech using a General Linear Model.
by Esben Skovenborg
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Clock and Synchronization in System 6000
Clock and Synchronization in System 6000 Discussion of intrinsic jitter, interface jitter, jitter rejection and clock design as implemented in System 6000.
by Christian Frandsen

Clock and Jitter in Audio Systems using Firewire
Network-based audio systems pose a significant jitter problem when AD, DA and sample rate conversion is required. This paper describes a new clocking technology that eliminates such obstacles, and finally makes Firewire as robust as high quality point to point digital interfacing.
by Christian Frandsen and Chris Travis

Plug and Play?
An Investigation Into Problems of Digital Audio Interfacing
An investigation of factors determining reliability in professional audio and synchronisation interfaces. Electrical characteristics, phase-offset and tolerance to offset, intrinsic jitter and tolerance to jitter, and sample rate precision have been tested.
by Christian Frandsen and Morten Lave
 



Sample Rate Conversion Filters – ADA2496
Custom digital filters in AD and DA conversion for optimizing performance when using 44.1 or 48 kHz sample rates.
by Knud Christensen & Thomas Lund
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Compression Applications
A description of compressors and their applications. Practical advice about parameters and how compressors can be used on single and complex sources.
by Maureen Droney & Howard Massey
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Selection And Tuning Of HRTFs
A paper about reproduction of a five-channel signal over normal headphones. Informal listening tests show that a large number of different HRTFs do not have the desired level of quality.
by Andreas Silze
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Multichannel Signal Processing Tools
Changing sound recording and production from stereo to multichannel creates new demands on the signal processing tools.
by Soren Nielsen
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PC Based Realtime Signal Processing
A cost-effective fast prototyping system is proposed, comprising of a PC running MatLab as controller and a dedicated DSP windows DLL to handle real time processing.
by Lars Arknaes
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Measuring Sensory Consonance by Auditory Modelling
A measure of sensory consonance is computed for musical intervals (chords), and the relation between consonance and dissonance to the psychoacoustic notions of roughness and critical bandwidth is discussed.
by Esben Skovenborg & Soren Nielsen
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Realtime Control Of Audio Effects
A concept for controlling a collection of effect blocks in real time with direct user interaction, and including controllers derived from the signal itself, is presented.
by Soren Nielsen
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Specifying Audio for HD
Loudness Measurement and Loudness Control
The paper presents ways of specifying audio tightly for HDTV, SDTV and iCast. Contrary to Dialnorm, these principles work for all kind of program material, and are based on open standards.
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